生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法采用生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗60例老年股骨颈骨折患者。末次随访采用Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。手术时间38~62 min,术中出血量50~110 ml。手术切口均一期愈合。2例术后1周发生脑梗死,神经内科会诊治疗后症状好转,但肌力差,髋关节功能差。1例术后8个月因心脏病去世。未出现感染、假体松动、股骨头脱位等并发症。末次随访时根据Harris评分标准评价疗效:优46例,良9例,可2例,差2例。结论生物型双极人工股骨头置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折手术创伤小,术后下地活动早,并发症少,可有效提高患者生活质量。     

不同髋关节骨病晚期“异病同证”临证探析

"异病同证"是中医学对病证关系的特殊认识,起初是指不同的病具有相同的病机,从而表现出相同的证候,反映了中医学辨证论治的特点,在临证中主要体现在一方用于治疗多种病证。随着病证结合诊疗模式的形成,"异病同证"的含义也发生了变化,多指西医诊断不同疾病在其发展的过程中出现了相同的病机,从而表现出相同的证候。股骨头坏死、髋骨关节炎、类风湿性髋关节炎是发于髋关节骨骼、软骨及滑膜的3个不同解剖组织的3种疾病,在疾病的晚期出现了髋关节疼痛、活动受限的症状和腰膝酸软、行走无力的证候,无论是症状体征或中医证候,均表现出其相似性,体现着中医学"异病同证"的思想,本文从临床症状、影像变化、中医证候特点、病因病机及临床治疗方面探析3种疾病的趋同性和差异性,结果发现,除了临床症状体征相似,3种髋关节骨病晚期均见关节软骨退变、关节间隙狭窄、关节积液、滑膜增厚、骨质增生及软骨下骨囊变等相似X射线表现;肾藏精、主骨生髓,只有肾精充足,筋骨方可得以骨髓充养,肝藏血、主筋,肝血充足筋骨才能濡养,病至晚期,3种疾病与肝肾脏腑功能失常密切相关,肝肾不足、经脉筋骨失养是3种髋关节骨病晚期的共同病机,肝肾亏虚、腰膝酸软、行走无力亦成为其共同证候。不仅为"同证"提供理论依据,也有助于"异病"的鉴别诊断、提高髋关节疾病的诊断水平、丰富中医学"异病同证"的内涵。     

加味十全大补汤对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后隐性失血及血糖水平的影响

目的:探讨加味十全大补汤对老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者术后隐性失血及血糖水平的影响。方法:选取120例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,随机分为两组,各60例。两组均行防旋型股骨近端髓内钉(PFNA),对照组术前不予以药物治疗,观察组术前3 d予以加味十全大补汤。统计两组住院时间、骨折愈合时间,对比术前、术后1 d、3 d、7 d血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(Hct)水平、隐性失血量、空腹血糖水平,并于术后6个月随访,观察髋关节恢复情况。结果:术后1 d、3 d、7 d,观察组Hb、Hct水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后1～3 d、3～7 d隐性失血量分别为(245.74±88.26)ml、(188.26±70.12)ml,均少于对照组(288.67±90.94)ml、(245.94±75.36)ml(P<0.05)。术后1 d、3 d、7 d,观察组空腹血糖水平分别为(7.74±0.76)mmol/L、(6.26±0.52)mmol/L、(5.12±0.46)mmol/L均低于对照组(9.67±0.84)mmol/L、(7.94±0.66)mmol/L、(6.48±0.52)mmol/L(P<0.05)。观察组骨折愈合时间、住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。术后6个月随访,观察组髋关节功能恢复优良率91.38%与对照组84.21%,组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:加味十全大补汤治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者,可纠正贫血,减少隐性失血量,加快骨折愈合,缩短住院时间,且对血糖水平影响较小。     

Impaction Bone Grafting Augmented With a Wire Coil by the Lightbulb Technique for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

BackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that primarily affects the hips of young adults. The purpose of this study is to report the mid-term results of impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique for ONFH.MethodsFrom 1998 to 2016, 50 hips with late precollapsed or early postcollapsed ONFH (28 hips with Association Research Circulation Osseous [ARCO] IIC and 22 with IIIA) were treated by impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil using the lightbulb technique. The survival rate was analyzed with conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) as the end point.ResultsThirty-one of the 50 hips had a successful clinical result without conversion to THA at a mean follow-up of 109.2 months. The 5-year survival rate was 68%, 82.1%, and 50% for the entire cohort, ARCO stage IIC, and ARCO stage IIIA, respectively. The 19 hips that had failed were converted to THA at an average of 52.8 months. The multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed that an ARCO stage IIIA disease, a lateral lesion, and a necrotic index ≥0.67 were the independent risk factors for conversion to THA.ConclusionAs a head-preserving procedure, the lightbulb technique using impaction bone grafting augmented with a wire coil is worthwhile for patients in an earlier stage of disease and smaller lesion size to postpone the need for THA.     

肱骨头置换治疗老年肱骨近端骨折

2016年3月~2017年3月,我科采用肱骨头置换治疗15例老年肱骨近端骨折患者,疗效良好,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组15例,男5例,女10例,年龄70~85岁。均为新鲜骨折。受伤至手术时间为3~10 d。1.2治疗方法全身麻醉或颈丛阻滞麻醉。Thompson入路,用0号线标记肩袖、大小结节,显露肱骨头。取出肱骨头及骨折块,植骨备用,测量肱骨头大小,修整肱骨断面,依次扩髓、试模,确认假体高度及假体后倾角28°~32°,行前后抽屉试验及下方稳定试验,牵拉患肢时肱骨头移动范围不超过肩盂关节面高度的1/2,撤去压力后能自行复位。标记置入深度和方向,取出试模,冲洗髓腔,向肱骨近端髓腔内置入一骨栓以封闭远端髓腔,髓腔内注入骨水泥,置入人工肱骨头假体,待骨水泥固化后复位人工肩关节假体,缝合关节囊,解剖位点修复肩袖及大、小结节,被动活动肩关节,确认活动度在正常范围。术后置引流管24~48 h。术后第3天开始被动活动肩关节,术后1周开始被动外展、前屈、后伸,幅度不宜过大,疼痛在患者耐受范围内;第1~6周患肢悬吊保持中立位,2周内不要内旋,4周后可逐渐在重力辅助下继续钟摆式锻炼。     

Inhibitory neuronal changes following a mixed diffuse-focal model of traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in excitation: inhibition imbalance, as well as a range of chronic neurological deficits. However, how TBI affects different interneurons, and how this relates to behavioral abnormalities, remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of a mixed diffuse-focal model of TBI, the lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI), on interneurons, 8 weeks post-TBI in rats. Brains were labeled with antibodies against calbindin, parvalbumin, calretinin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin, and the number of interneurons were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus following LFPI. LFPI caused a reduction in the numbers of interneurons mediating both perisomatic and dendritic inhibition in the somatosensory cortex. In hippocampus, there were heterogenous changes in the number of interneurons while motor cortex, showed no obvious loss in any of the subsets of interneurons after TBI. In parallel to the investigations of changes in the number of interneurons, we also investigated the long-term behavioral consequences of LFPI. Behaviorally, rats given an LFPI displayed transient reduction in performance in motor tasks and were significantly impaired in reversal learning in the water maze task post-TBI. We also report here progressive neurodegeneration in cortex and hippocampus indicated by Fluoro-Jade C in the different brain areas examined after injury. Our findings suggest differential vulnerability of inhibitory neurons to LFPI in the different brain areas examined after injury. These data will aid in evaluation of new treatments for TBI and help target specific neuronal subtypes as a function of injury time and type.     

股骨颈骨折合并抑郁老年男性骨密度和骨代谢变化

目的分析老年男性股骨颈骨折合并抑郁患者骨密度和骨代谢生化指标变化，探讨抑郁对骨质疏松骨代谢的影响。 方法选取于北京医院骨科2017年1月至2019年1月住院的老年男性股骨颈骨折患者102例。排除病理性骨折、认知功能障碍等患者。依据老年抑郁量表(GDS)将老年男性股骨颈骨折患者分为抑郁组和对照组。通过测定并比较两组患者的骨密度(BMD)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、血钙、血磷、25-羟基-维生素D[25(OH)D]、骨钙素(OC)、Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端前肽(P1NP)、血清Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽交联β特殊序列(β-CTX)水平，分析抑郁严重程度(GDS评分)与骨密度及骨代谢生化指标的相关性。分类变量的比较采用卡方检验，连续变量的比较采用t检验，两组连续性变量的相关性应用Pearson相关分析。 结果抑郁组患者BMD明显低于对照组(腰椎t ＝5.964、髋部t ＝2.845，P <0.05)。与对照组相比，抑郁组血清25(OH)D水平下降(t ＝3.077，P <0.05)，抑郁组血清OC水平低于对照组(t ＝2.013，P <0.05)，而血清β-CTX水平高于对照组(t ＝2.938，P <0.05)，P1NP水平与对照组差异无统计学意义(t ＝0.684，P >0.05)。抑郁严重程度(GDS评分)与BMD(r＝-0.456，P <0.05)、25(OH)D(r＝-0.546，P <0.05)、OC(r＝-0.215，P <0.05)呈负相关，与P1NP(r＝-0.115，P>0.05)相关性不显著，与β-CTX(r＝0.372，P<0.05)呈正相关。 结论抑郁症患者的骨形成标志物水平降低和骨吸收标志物水平升高，抑郁症是低骨密度和骨折的危险因素。应重视老年抑郁症患者骨代谢指标和25(OH)D的检测，及时进行维生素D的补充和有效的抗骨吸收药物治疗。